Canine Parvovirus
Canine parvovirus, colloquially known as "parvo," is a serious, potentially fatal, gastrointestinal virus. Fortunately, there is a vaccination available to protect against the disease. Because the virus is able to survive on a variety of surfaces and in all sorts of environments (hot, cold, dry or humid) for a relatively long time, it is important that dogs be vaccinated against the disorder at a young age. Parvovirus is dangerous and highly contagious and can be contracted by any unvaccinated dog. Puppies under 4 months of age are at greatest risk.
Means of Transmission of Canine Parvovirus
Canine parvovirus can be transmitted in a number of ways. Dogs can contract parvovirus not only from contact with dogs that have the illness, but through contact with contaminated:
- Stool
- Food and water bowls
- Kennel surfaces or crates
- Bedding
- Collars and leashes
- Clothing or shoes of dog handlers
Even small traces of fecal matter containing the virus can infect dogs that come into contact with it.
Symptoms of Canine Parvovirus
Dogs that show signs of parvovirus require urgent veterinary attention. Although some dogs will recover from the virus, those that succumb to it will do so within 48 to 72 hours. Symptoms of parvovirus include:
- Fever
- Loss of appetite
- Vomiting
- Bloody diarrhea
Without prompt treatment, severe vomiting and diarrhea can rapidly result in dehydration that can cause death.
Treatment of Canine Parvovirus
There is no medication available to treat parvovirus. Treatment consists of keeping the affected dog hydrated. Typically, the dog is isolated from other animals because of the high risk of contagion and given intravenous hydration, including appropriate electrolytes. Medications to control vomiting and diarrhea are also administered. Sometimes antibiotics are given prophylactically to keep the animal from developing a secondary infection.