Services

ANOM VET would like to be your partner in veterinary health care. Feel free to ask your questions and share your concerns with us. We will work with you to develop a wellness program for the care and treatment your pet needs.

We welcome you to our practice and look forward to caring for your pet.

ANOM VET provides a full range of veterinary services including the following:

Arthritis in Dogs and Cats

Arthritis is as common in animals as it is in humans. Also known as degenerative joint disease, arthritis involves the loss of the cartilage that coats and protects the end of the bones in movable joints. When the uncoated nerve ends on the bones touch, the result is pain and inflammation. This most often occurs as a result of wear and tear, but the animal may have an underlying hereditary predisposition to the problem. ...

Bad Breath in Dogs and Cats

Bad breath, also known as halitosis, is even more common in pets than in humans. As in humans, halitosis may occur for a number of reasons in dogs, cats and other small mammals. In order to successfully treat the condition, the underlying cause must be addressed. Regular dental examinations should be part of the checkup of any animal with teeth. ...

Bloat and Torsion

Bloat and torsion, also known as gastric dilation and volvulus, or GDV, is a life-threatening condition involving distension and abnormal rotation of the stomach. It occurs most often in large animals like horses and in certain large breeds of dogs, but can also occur in smaller dogs and in cats. Bloat and torsion usually manifests in healthy animals in their prime, frequently when they have engaged in vigorous exercise immediately after eating. ...

Brachycephalic Syndrome

Brachycephalic syndrome is a respiratory condition found in breeds of dogs and cats whose faces have a pushed-in appearance. Bred to conform to certain facial standards, these animals have shortened heads, which is the meaning of "brachycephalic."

Dogs such as bulldogs, pugs, Pekingese and Boston terriers, and cats such as Persian, Himalayan and Burmese, often suffer some degree of airway obstruction because of their anatomy. Respiratory problems in animals with brachycephalic syndrome are worsened by heat, humidity, exercise and obesity. In most cases the syndrome does not result in acute respiratory distress. ...

Breeding Cats

Because cats procreate quickly and easily, and because many cats become feral and reproduce in the wild, a tremendous number of cats end up being euthanized every year. Too many cat owners fail to neuter their pets even though they have no intention of breeding them. The result is a vast number of cats without homes, many of which become feral and continue breeding. In the interests of encouraging cat adoption, only responsible and knowledgeable cat owners should consider becoming cat breeders. ...

Breeding Dogs

Pet owners breed dogs for many reasons. Some are excited at the prospect of observing, or having their children observe, the excitement of birth. Others want to profit financially or to replicate a beloved pet. Serious breeders are, on some level, concerned with improving the breed itself. This has been the primary reason for dog breeding through the generations: to strengthen the positive attributes and to diminish the negative traits of a particular breed. It is always wise to consult with a reputable breeder before attempting to breed dogs for the first time. ...

Cancer Care in Dogs and Cats

Cancer is a serious illness in animals, more common in dogs than in cats. It is important that any malignancy be diagnosed as early as possible by a veterinarian and treated promptly, often with the assistance of a veterinary oncologist.

Causes of Cancer

There are differences between the causes of cancer in dogs and in cats. While the illness occurs much more frequently in dogs, when it occurs in cats it tends to be more aggressive. ...

Canine Achilles Tendon Rupture

The canine Achilles tendon is really a group of five tendons located at the back of the dog's hind legs. These tendons are important to the animal's mobility because they assist in bending and moving the hind knees, flexing the hind ankles, and moving the toes and upper legs. The rupture or tear of a dog's Achilles tendon is a serious injury but usually has a good prognosis. ...

Canine Allergies

There are a number of substances that can cause allergies, or abnormal immune reactions, in dogs. The symptoms of such allergies can affect various parts of the body and may range from mild to severe. Some canine allergies are seasonal and some may occur year-round.

Types of Allergies

There are four basic types of allergies that dogs can experience. These may vary in symptoms and severity. ...

Canine Anal Gland Problems

Dogs have two anal glands, also known as sacs, one on each side of the anus. These glands produce an individualized odor, allowing each dog to use its stool to mark its territory. This is the reason dogs greet one another by sniffing each other's rears. Canine anal glands are similar to scent glands of a skunk, although the skunk uses these glands as a means of protection. Normally, the anal glands are emptied by the pressure of a bowel movement, but they may also empty when the anal sphincters contract involuntarily because of emotional distress. ...

Canine Cataracts

A cataract is an abnormal opacity of the lens of the eye. In dogs, as in humans, cataracts result in blurred vision. Small cataracts may not disturb the vision much, if at all, but as cataracts grow and thicken they become more problematic and may eventually lead to blindness. Although most cataracts cannot be prevented, there are available treatments. Cataracts are rarely found in cats. ...

Canine Congestive Heart Failure

The term "congestive heart failure" (CHF) is misleading. It does not mean that the heart has stopped functioning; it simply means that the heart is weakened, unable to meet the dog's circulation needs. When there is inadequate circulation, other vital organs, such as the liver, lungs, and kidneys may be affected, so the condition must be treated promptly. Fortunately, there are many treatments available to help dogs with CHF lead happy lives. Left untreated, however, strenuous exercise, certain medical procedures or other diseases may put a dog with heart disease at serious risk. ...

Canine Diabetes

Diabetes, medically known as diabetes mellitus, often occurs in dogs. It results from an insufficient production of insulin by the pancreas. Insulin aids in the digestion of glucose (sugar). Although any dog can become diabetic, some dogs inherit a predisposition to the disorder and some breeds are more susceptible. The disease is three times more common in female dogs than in males and typically develops in dogs between 6 and 9 years of age. ...

Canine Distemper

Although it occurs infrequently in the United States, canine distemper is the leading worldwide cause of infectious disease death in dogs. All dogs need to be vaccinated against distemper since it is caused by a highly contagious virus similar to the one that causes measles. The distemper virus is dangerous because it attacks many parts of the body: brain cells, skin cells and mucosa of the eye, respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. The greatest risk of canine distemper is to unvaccinated puppies between 6 months and a year old because it is at this age when they stop being protected by maternal antibodies. ...

Canine Epilepsy

Canine epilepsy is a seizural disorder, categorized as either acquired or idiopathic. Acquired epilepsy has a known cause, usually a head injury or a brain tumor. Idiopathic epilepsy, on the other hand, has no known cause, although it appears to be genetic. It is postulated that it may be the result of a chemical imbalance in the brain that interferes with the transmission of electrical impulses. Canine epilepsy causes the affected dog to have sudden spells of uncontrolled movements that may or may not result in a loss of consciousness. Left untreated, canine epilepsy results in increasingly frequent and more severe seizures. ...

Canine Glaucoma

Canine glaucoma, like human glaucoma, is a serious disease that may result in blindness. Canine glaucoma is categorized as either primary or secondary. Primary glaucoma is a genetic disorder affecting certain breeds, most commonly beagles, cocker spaniels, basset hounds and Samoyeds. In contrast, secondary glaucoma is a complication of another eye disease or trauma, such as uveitis or lens displacement. ...

Canine Hip Dysplasia

Canine hip dysplasia occurs for a number of reasons, including both genetic and environmental factors. It is the most common cause of rear leg lameness in dogs. Most often, this condition occurs in large breeds of dogs, including Newfoundlands, St. Bernards, Bernese mountain dogs, Rottweilers, Golden and Labrador Retrievers, and German shepherds. Such breeds are more prone to congenital malformation of the hip joint. Small breeds may develop the condition as well, but this occurs less frequently. ...

Canine Hypothyroidism

Canine hypothyroidism is a disease in which the thyroid gland, the gland in the throat that controls metabolism, malfunctions. The thyroid gland produces two hormones, known as thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). In hypothyroidism, these hormones are underproduced and, as a result, dogs with this disorder have low metabolic rates. This condition may be found in all breeds of dogs, but most commonly develops in medium-and large-breed dogs of middle age. Breeds most often affected include doberman pinschers, Irish setters, Airedale terriers, Labrador retrievers, and greyhounds. ...

Canine Influenza

Canine influenza, or dog flu, is a respiratory disease that came into evidence about a decade ago. Contagious only among dogs, this virus originated in horses as H3N8 equine influenza and transformed into a canine disease in 2004 when it was originally identified in greyhounds.

Symptoms of Canine Influenza

Although a small percentage of dogs are asymptomatic with canine influenza, the majority will develop a cough, runny nose and fever. ...

Canine Liver Disease

The liver is a vital organ, crucially involved in the process of digestion and the absorption of nutrients, and in filtering the blood to remove toxins. In addition, the liver manufactures proteins to assist in blood-clotting. It also and stores fat- soluble vitamins D and E. Because of the liver's importance, liver disease is significant and frequently life-threatening. ...

Canine Parvovirus

Canine parvovirus, colloquially known as "parvo," is a serious, potentially fatal, gastrointestinal virus. Fortunately, there is a vaccination available to protect against the disease. Because the virus is able to survive on a variety of surfaces and in all sorts of environments (hot, cold, dry or humid) for a relatively long time, it is important that dogs be vaccinated against the disorder at a young age. Parvovirus is dangerous and highly contagious and can be contracted by any unvaccinated dog. Puppies under 4 months of age are at greatest risk. ...

Canine Rabies

Rabies is a very serious, most often fatal, viral disease affecting the central nervous system. It is most frequently transmitted through the bite of an infected animal. In the United States, because of the high rate of rabies vaccinations, canine rabies rarely occurs. When it does, it is almost always the result of a dog being bitten by a wild animal such a raccoon or bat. If a previously vaccinated dog is bitten by a possibly rabid animal, the dog should receive an immediate rabies booster and be kept under observation for 45 days. ...

Canine Urinary Tract Infections

Dogs can develop urinary tract infections, or UTIs, for a number of reasons. Often such infections begin in the urethra, sometimes undetected until they spread to the bladder, where they cause cystitis, a painful inflammation of the bladder wall. Urinary infections, even when mild, must be treated promptly because there is a very real danger of the infection spreading to the kidneys where it can become life-threatening. ...

Canine Vaccinations

Fortunately, there are many vaccines available to prevent serious illnesses in dogs. Vaccines contain antigens, substances which provoke an adaptive immune response but do not actually cause the disease. After being vaccinated, the dog 's immune system is prepared to fight off the disease upon exposure, either avoiding symptoms entirely or greatly reducing their severity. Not all dogs require exactly the same vaccinations, but there are some that the American Animal Hospital Association's Canine Task Force recommends for all dogs. These are known as Core vaccines. Other vaccinations are recommended for dogs at high risk for certain diseases. ...

Cat Breeds

There are close to 100 breed of cats with an amazing variety of body types, coats, colorations, ear and tail formations, and temperaments. Because there are so many cats being euthanized daily for lack of a suitable home, generally it is desirable to adopt a mixed breed kitten or cat from a shelter in order to save a life. Some pet owners are devoted to particular breeds, however. If this is the case, it is frequently possible to adopt a cat from a breed rescue organization. Such cats become available for a number of reasons, none of them reflecting on the pets themselves, and may become loving companions to their new owners. There is, of course, always the possibility of purchasing a purebred cat from a reliable breeder as well. ...

Cesarean Section

A Cesarean section, or hysterotomy, is the surgical operation for delivering young by cutting through the abdominal wall of the mother. Cesareans sections are often performed on an emergency basis, but may sometimes be scheduled if the female has undergone a previous Cesarean or if there is a foreseeable problem with the birth. ...

Conjunctivitis in Dogs and Cats

Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the tissues in the white portion of the eye and inside the eyelids, an area known as the conjunctiva. Sometimes associated with respiratory infections, it can also result from other illnesses, injuries to the eye or exposure to airborne irritants. Conjunctivitis can range in degree from mild to severe, sometimes resulting in minimal irritation and on rare occasions resulting in blindness. ...

Cruciate Ligament Injury and Repair

The cruciate ligaments are ligaments that cross, or cruciate, the knee, joining the femur and the tibia, and are prone to injury. Such damage is common in dogs, but rarely occurs in cats.

The knee is a complex and relatively unstable joint. The cruciate ligaments, both anterior and posterior, help to maintain the knee's stability during a wide range of motion, letting it work as a hinge, but restricting its side to side movement. When these ligaments are torn or ruptured, the animal becomes unstable and possibly lame, and eventually, particularly if the condition is not treated properly, arthritis sets in. ...

Cystotomy

A cystotomy is a surgical procedure in which an incision is made into the bladder through the abdomen. This surgery is performed in order to investigate and treat bladder and urinary tract problems in pets as well as in people.

Reasons for a Cystotomy

There are several reasons a cystotomy may be performed, the most common of which is to remove stones in the urethra or bladder. Other reasons for a cystotomy may include: ...

Declawing

Pet declawing, also known as onychectomy, is the surgical removal of the claws and part of the toes of a pet. Common for cats, this procedure involves removing all or part of the distal phalanx, or end bone, of a cat's toes. Declawing is a medical procedure in which a veterinarian amputates a part of each toe that includes the last bone and claw. The objective of this surgery is to prevent scratching which may cause injury to people and other animals, and damage to household items. ...

Dental Care for Pets

Dental care for pets is one of the most commonly overlooked areas of pet health care. Dental disease is a common problem for pets, with the majority of pets over the age of five suffering from some form of dental disease. Dental disease does not just affect the mouth of a pet. Left untreated, it can also lead to more serious health problems, including heart, lung, and kidney disease. It is therefore very important for pet owners to make sure that their pets receive proper dental care. ...

Dietary Supplements for Cats

There is some controversy surrounding the need for cats to take supplemental vitamins. While studies show that as many as a third of pet owners administer vitamins to their cats and dogs, most veterinarians seem to believe that when pets are fed a balanced diet of nutritional pet food, vitamin supplementation is unnecessary. In fact, many vets and the FDA advise that giving healthy animals supplements they do not require may be harmful. In particular cases, however, veterinarians prescribe supplements for pets at certain life stages or with particular underlying conditions or illnesses. ...

Dietary Supplements for Dogs

There is some controversy surrounding the need for dogs to take supplemental vitamins. While studies show that as many as a third of pet owners administer vitamins to their cats and dogs, most veterinarians seem to believe that when pets are fed a balanced diet of nutritional pet food, vitamin supplementation is unnecessary. In fact, many vets and the FDA advise that giving healthy animals supplements they do not require may be harmful. In particular cases, however, veterinarians prescribe supplements for dogs at certain life stages or with particular underlying conditions or illnesses. ...

Dog Boarding and Doggie Day Care

There are times when pet dogs must be boarded either because the animals need intensive medical care or because their owners are away from home, have an unusually heavy work schedule, or are themselves ill or temporarily disabled. In such situations it is important to find a safe, comfortable environment for the dog. It is always necessary to do careful research before boarding a dog in a particular facility, but no amount of research can replace an actual inspection of the premises. ...

Dog Breeds

Dogs come in a wide variety of sizes, colors, temperaments, and intelligence levels. Having been domesticated for thousands of years, dogs have been bred to strengthen characteristics designed to meet particular human needs. While careful breeding has focused on developing attributes, such as hunting skills or docility, in certain breeds, the dangers of inbreeding are also represented since certain breeds have become more prone to particular canine ailments. As breeding continues, responsible breeders make every effort to improve the breed by trying to weed out physical defects. ...

Ear Cropping

Ear cropping is a cosmetic procedure that involves clipping the ear flap to change the shape of the ear and make it stand erect. This procedure is most often performed in dogs and is a personal choice by the dog owner. There is a debate whether this procedure is necessary, as it is considered cruel and medically unnecessary by some critics. It is important to consider the risks, costs and ethical aspects of ear cropping with a veterinarian, before deciding on this procedure. ...

Ear Infections

Ear infections, medically known as otitis externa, are one of the most common medical conditions seen in pets. An ear infection involves the inflammation of the outer or inner ear canal. An ear infection may cause various symptoms including inflammation, pain, or behavioral changes in a pet. Left untreated, an ear infection may lead to hearing problems, permanent damage to the inner or middle ear, or other health problems. Fortunately, most pet ear infections can be successfully treated. ...

Endoscopy

Endoscopy is a minimally invasive procedure that allows for visual examination of the internal organs for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The procedure uses a thin, tube-like instrument with a camera on the end to allow the doctor to view the organs on a monitor. A doctor may perform an endoscopy to collect tissue samples for a biopsy, remove tumors, and provide a thorough view of a specific area. The endoscopy is a beneficial procedure because it is less invasive and safer than surgery and has minimal scarring and recovery times. ...

Exploratory Surgery in Dogs and Cats

When it is impossible to definitively diagnose or treat disease conditions in our animals by less invasive methods, exploratory surgery may be necessary. Operations may be performed on pets who exhibit symptoms for which blood, urine, and diagnostic imaging tests, such as X-rays and ultrasound scans, fail to provide sufficient information. The advantage of exploratory surgery is that it not only provides the veterinarian with the opportunity to directly observe abnormalities, but, in many cases, with the opportunity to intervene immediately, possibly saving the animal's life. ...

Feline Allergies

There are a number of substances that can cause allergies, or abnormal immune reactions, in cats. The symptoms of such allergies can affect various parts of the body and may range from mild to severe. Some feline allergies are seasonal and some may occur year-round.

Types of Feline Allergies

There are four basic types of allergies that cats can experience. These may vary in symptoms and severity. ...

Feline Diabetes

Feline diabetes, medically known as diabetes mellitus, is a disorder in which either not enough insulin is produced by the pancreas, or the body cannot make use of the insulin properly. Because insulin helps in the metabolism of glucose, a major source of energy, diabetes is a serious condition. Feline diabetes appears to be increasing at a somewhat alarming rate. Both heredity and environment play roles in the development of diabetes which, while it can be successfully controlled with medication, is still a formidable disease that, left untreated, may be fatal. ...

Feline Distemper

Feline parvovirus (FPV), commonly known as feline distemper, is a life-threatening and highly contagious viral disease unrelated to canine distemper. Feline distemper attacks the cat's blood cells, particularly those in the process of rapidly dividing, such as those in the bone marrow and the intestinal tract, as well as the stem cells of a developing fetus. By destroying these blood cells, the illness leads to anemia and makes the body prone to infection by other viruses and bacteria. Vaccinations for feline distemper are available and effective, but unvaccinated cats are at grave risk since the virus can survive in contaminated environments for several years. ...

Feline Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder involving recurrent seizural activity. A seizure is an uncontrolled outburst of convulsive movements. Although the disorder originates in the brain, it can be precipitated by trauma (acquired epilepsy) as well as by an abnormality in brain activity (idiopathic epilepsy). Idiopathic epilepsy is far less common in cats than it is in dogs and is believed to have a genetic component. ...

Feline Glaucoma

Feline glaucoma is a condition in which there is an abnormal build-up of pressure in the eye. Normally, eye fluid, known as aqueous humor, remains at a constant level in the eye, perpetually produced and drained. When there is an interference with drainage of this fluid, abnormal intraocular pressure develops which may result in several serious problems, including damage to the optic nerve and possible blindness. Glaucoma, although a common condition in dogs and in humans, is rare disease in cats. In cats, the disorder is usually a secondary condition resulting from other eye disease or physical trauma. ...

Feline Heart Disease

Any cat can develop heart disease, so it is always wise to have regular veterinary checkups. There are several reasons that cats may develop heart disease, some congenital and some acquired. Whatever the cause, early detection is almost always an advantage in protecting the cat's heart from further damage and prolonging its life. ...

Feline Dysplasia

Hip dysplasia, a malformation of the hip joint which leads to gradual deterioration, is relatively rare in cats. Hip dysplasia occurs when the ball of the joint does not properly fit into its socket, resulting in instability, pain and dysfunction. This condition develops due to a combination of a genetic defect involving multiple genes and environmental factors. Hip dysplasia is more prevalent in purebreds and more common in female cats. It does not normally present in kittens since their bones are not yet fully developed. Some heavy-boned breeds of cats, such as the Maine coon and the Persian, are more susceptible to the disorder, although small breeds may occasionally develop it. ...

Feline Urinary Incontinence

Feline urinary incontinence is a physiological condition in which the cat demonstrates a lack of voluntary control over urination. incontinence should be distinguished from behavioral issues like spraying and housebreaking mistakes. There are several possible physical causes for feline urinary incontinence. Some are primary, relating to the bladder or urinary tract, and some are secondary, resulting from another underlying disease condition. ...

Feline Leukemia

Feline leukemia, a life-threatening disease, is caused by a virus known as FeLV. Approximately 85 percent of infected cats die of the illness within 3 years of diagnosis, making it the second most common cause of feline death, superseded only by traumatic injury. Because feline leukemia suppresses the immune system, serious secondary infections may develop in cats infected with the virus. Fortunately, exposure to FeLV does not mean a cat will die or even get sick. A good percentage of cats have strong enough immune systems to enable them to resist the virus on their own. Over the last few decades, cases of feline leukemia have declined considerably due to the develop of a vaccine for the disease, even though the vaccine is not 100 percent effective. ...

Feline Liver Disease

There are several types of feline liver disease, all of which are serious since the liver is a vital organ. The most common cause of liver failure in cats is hepatic lipidosis, or fatty liver syndrome. Cholangiohepatitis is the next most common feline liver disorder. Other liver problems cats may suffer are feline infectious peritonitis and toxoplasmosis. Secondary problems with the liver can stem from feline leukemia or other feline cancer that metastasizes to the liver from another location in the body. ...

Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease

Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) includes a number of conditions that affect the bladder and urethra in cats. These conditions often cause pain during urinating, difficulty in and increased frequency of urinating, and blood in the urine. Cats with FLUTD are also likely to urinate outside the litter box. ...

Feline Panleukopenia Virus

The feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) is life-threatening and highly contagious. Caused by the feline parvovirus, it infects and kills cells in the gastrointestinal tract and blood marrow. Although once the leading cause of death in cats, FPV is now rare because vaccinations to prevent it are available. ...

Feline Thyroid Problems

The thyroid gland, consisting of two connected lobes located in the cat's lower neck, regulates metabolism through the production of a hormone known as thyroxine, or T4. When too little hormone is produced, the condition is known as hypothyroidism. When too much of the hormone is secreted, the disorder is called hyperthyroidism. Feline hyperthyroidism is considerably more common. Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in cats are diagnosed through tests to measure thyroxine levels in the blood. Both thyroid problems are controllable and neither is life-threatening with proper treatment. ...

Feline Urinary Tract Infections

Feline urinary infections have a number of causes. The conglomerate term for such disorders is feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD). Treatment for FLUTD depends on the underlying reasons for the cat's symptoms. Such reasons range from simple bacterial infections to malignancies, so it is important for the animal to be diagnosed promptly to ensure effective treatment. Although urinary tract infections can occur in cats of any age, they are most common in cats between 1 and 4 years of age. It is uncommon for kittens or geriatric cats to suffer from this ailment. ...

Feline Vaccinations

A vaccination is an administration of medication, normally given by injection, to stimulate an immune response to a particular disease. Feline vaccines prepare the body to fight the designated illnesses without making the animals sick. Once vaccinated, a cat exposed to the actual, potentially fatal, disease will either fight off the infection entirely or develop only a very mild case. Some vaccinations are administered in combination. ...

Femoral Head Ostectomy

Femoral head ostectomy (FHO) is a surgical procedure to remove the femoral head (the ball portion of the hip joint) and neck from the femur to alleviate pain. It is only performed when an animal's pain cannot be managed in any other way.

Small dogs, cats, small horses, donkeys and ponies are candidates for FHO, as are other small animals with pelvic fractures. The procedure is most often performed on dogs and cats. ...

Ferret Basics

Ferrets have been domesticated for 2,000 years and can make good pets for people who have an understanding of their needs. No pet should be adopted on a whim, but ferrets are more than typically difficult to manage. Ferrets are never recommended for households with young children (under 7) and must be closely supervised if near infants. Nonetheless, for owners who research ferrets thoroughly and train them carefully, these animals can make playful and loyal pets. ...

Fleas

Fleas are the leading cause of skin problems in cats and dogs. They also infest a great many other animals, including rabbits, squirrels, rats, mice, ferrets, and many species of birds, although small mammals in captivity are not affected as frequently as dogs, outdoor cats and wild creatures. They grow and survive by feeding on animals' blood, and result in significant problems for the animals they bite by causing allergic reactions and spreading disease. ...

Foreign-Object Blockage

It is not uncommon for dogs and cats to swallow foreign objects. Usually, whatever has been ingested is vomited up or simply passed through the digestive system without causing a problem. Sometimes, however, an object becomes lodged in the animal's gastrointestinal tract, causing pain and discomfort, and preventing food and water from reaching the stomach. ...

Fractures

A fracture is any break, whether complete or not, in bone or cartilage. Animal fractures are usually caused by trauma, such as getting hit by a car, or jumping or falling from a great height.

Types of Fractures

Fractures in animals may be categorized in the following ways: ...

Gerbil Basics

The gerbils commonly kept as pets originated in Mongolia. They come in a variety of colors and are approximately 4 inches in length with a tale of just about the same length. With proper care, gerbils generally have a lifespan of 3 to 4 years. Because, unlike hamsters, they are not nocturnal, gerbils fit more easily into typical human routines. While gerbils can make playful and interesting pets, in certain situations they can be problematic and are not recommended for households with children under 7. Although these animals do not usually bite, having them interact with children untrained in gentle handling techniques is asking for trouble. Adults should be careful with these delicate creatures as well. Gerbils should never be lifted by their tails as this may result in serious injury. ...

Guinea Pig Basics

Guinea pigs are small, weighing only a couple of pounds, and have a lifespan of 5 to 7 years. They are excellent starter pets for children old enough to have learned to be gentle. Pleasant, docile, and responsive, they are cuddly and very rarely bite. There are three types of guinea pigs: smooth-coated, the most common type, Abyssinian, with tufts of fur going in different directions, and Peruvian, with long, flowing hair. ...

Small Mammal Health Exam

Small mammals, including rabbits, guinea pigs, ferrets, hamsters, gerbils, hedgehogs, mice, rats, sugar gliders and chinchillas have become popular pets. Like all pets, these animals require care and gentle handling. It is always wise to bring a newly adopted pet to the veterinarian for a checkup, not only to make sure the animal is in good health, but to establish a baseline for future examinations. Many vets feel that small mammals should have semi-annual checkups, instead of the annual checkups dogs and cats receive, because of the shorter lifespans of these smaller animals. ...

Hamster Basics

Hamsters make delightful pets, but it is important to become familiar with their types and habits before adopting one. Although clearly adorable small animals, hamsters have certain characteristics that may make them difficult for certain households. One is that they are nocturnal creatures. Not only does this make them possibly cranky and more apt to nip when awakened during the day, it also means that they will be making noise during the night by digging, exploring, scratching or running on a toy wheel. Because hamsters are prone to nipping, they are inappropriate pets for households with children under the age of 6. ...

Heartworm Disease

Heartworm disease, which is transmitted through mosquito bites, is caused by a parasitic roundworm named Dirofilaria immitis. Dogs are the animal most susceptible to heartworm disease, but it also affects cats and ferrets, among other animals.The disease is called "heartworm" because, once the roundworms mature, they live in the heart, although they can also reside in the lungs and associated blood vessels. Once an animal is infected, it takes the parasites 6 months to develop into mature heartworms. ...

Hernias in Dogs and Cats

A hernia is a common condition in which organs protrude through an abnormal opening in one part of the body into another area of the body. Dogs and cats are two animals susceptible to hernias, which may be congenital or acquired. Although congenital hernias are usually painless, acquired hernias, which are often caused by trauma, can be painful and life-threatening. Depending on the type of hernia, the amount of herniated tissue, and the effect of the hernia on the organ it is displacing, symptoms will range from mild to severe. If a dog or cat has an unusual protrusion in its abdomen, a veterinarian should be contacted immediately. ...

Hip Dysplasia

Like in humans, many dogs and cats suffer from degenerative joint diseases in the hip that can cause pain and limping. This is the result of abnormal development of the hip joint and a lack of muscles, tissue and ligaments that normally support the joint, causing the bones to move further and further apart. Hip dysplasia often leads to arthritis. Hip dysplasia usually affects large and giant breed dogs, but poor diet, over-exercising and genetics can increase the risk of this disease in cats as well. ...

Housebreaking a Puppy

Housebreaking a puppy requires time, consistency, and patience. On the plus side, puppies are eager to please and be praised; on the minus side, all puppies have accidents that will soil the home. The more time committed to training the puppy, the shorter the process will take. Establishing a routine is extremely important. Typically, it takes several weeks to housebreak a puppy, but once the dog is trained, with very few exceptions, the dog will abide by the house rules. ...

Housebreaking Problems in Adult Dogs

Once a dog is full-grown, at 6 months to 1 year, it is most often housebroken. When this is not the case, or when a dog regresses, a number of causes may be responsible. It is possible that a change in environment or diet is the culprit. It is also possible that a medical problem or a particular medication is to blame. Aging may give rise to regression in housebreaking behavior. It also possible that the dog was never properly housebroken as a puppy and needs to begin a fresh course of training. ...

Infectious Canine Hepatitis

Infectious canine hepatitis is a serious viral disease affecting the liver. In addition to dogs, it is seen in coyotes, wolves, foxes and bears. Unvaccinated dogs of any age are susceptible to the illness, but unvaccinated puppies are at greatest risk. Infectious hepatitis can be prevented by vaccinations given at a young age with boosters administered every 3 years. ...

Kidney Disease in Dogs and Cats

Kidney, or renal, disease is not uncommon in dogs and cats. It may be chronic or acute and can result from a wide varieties of diseases or traumas. Because the kidneys are essential organs, responsible for filtering the blood and eliminating toxins from the body, any form of kidney disease is serious and may be life-threatening. While animals of any age may be afflicted with kidney disease, older pets are more likely to be troubled by the disorder. ...

Laryngeal Disease in Dogs and Cats

The larynx, or voice box, has the same function in dogs and cats as in humans: assisting in respiration, swallowing and vocalization. In dogs and cats, the larynx facilitates barking and growling or purring and meowing, not to mention whining, howling and all other sounds made by these animals The larynx also functions to protect the animals' breathing apparatus from aspiration. Laryngeal disease is any disorder that interferes with normal functioning of the larynx. ...

Litter Box Training

Kittens are quite easy to house train since they are instinctively drawn to eliminate in dirt and other dry, loose material by the time they are about a month old. All that is necessary is for the owner to provide a clean litter box and to place the kitten into the box from time to time, after meals, after naps, after playtime. In the beginning, leaving a bit of feces or urine in the box will help the kitten make the appropriate connections and to use the box for the right purpose. ...

Lizard Basics

Lizards can make fascinating pets, but a responsible owner should become informed about lizards in general, and the species being considered for adoption in particular, before choosing such a pet. While some lizards can be responsive to humans, many are difficult to handle. Lizards can also transmit illnesses, chiefly salmonella, to their human companions. ...

Microchip Implants

Microchips are tiny devices that are implanted under the skin of animals to help identify them if they stray or are lost or stolen. The microchip, about the size of a large grain of rice, uses passive RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology to provide permanent identification, including a special code number and data such as the pet's breed, gender and age and the pet owner's name and address. Microchips are now used by kennels, breeders, rescue groups, humane societies, farms, stables, and pet stores. While in the past similar information could be found on a tag on the animal's collar, an implanted chip is much more permanent. Since approximately half of all lost animals are found at shelters without a collar, the microchip implant provides peace of mind for the pet owner. ...

Obesity

With obesity so common among humans, it is no surprise that obesity also plagues companion animals. Not only dogs and cats, but horses, birds and hamsters, often have difficulty staying at an ideal weight. Unfortunately, even moderate obesity can have a serious negative impact on an animal's health, in many cases shortening its lifespan. Multiple areas of the body are affected by excess body fat, including bones, joints and the digestive and respiratory systems. ...

Perineal Urethrostomy

A perineal urethrostomy is a surgical procedure that corrects urine flow obstructions, which can be a life-threatening condition in cats. Obstructions can be caused by protein plugs, stones, trauma, scarring or complications from feline urologic syndrome. Cats who suffer from recurring urethral obstructions can benefit from this procedure. ...

Periodontal Disease in Dogs and Cats

Periodontal disease is an inflammation of the tissues that support and anchor the teeth. Although this disorder can affect dogs and cats of any age, it is more prevalent in older animals. It typically results from improperly cleaned teeth. If not properly treated, periodontal disease can result in degeneration of gums, underlying bone and dental roots and cause serious infection. The best way to prevent this problem is to maintain a program of good oral hygiene for the pet and to make sure the animal has regular dental examinations and cleanings by the veterinarian. ...

Pet Bird Basics

It is important for anyone who is going to adopt a bird to take the time necessary to understand birds in general and the particular species under consideration in particular. There are many fine books, DVDs and training courses available to acquaint the would-be bird owner with the characteristics and habits of particular types of birds. Understanding what will provide the safest, healthiest and most enjoyable environment for the pet bird will make the experience of the owning a bird more pleasurable for all concerned. Most pet birds are intelligent and social and will form a close bond with the person who cares for them. ...

Pet Wellness Visits

Wellness visits are important for every stage of a pet's life. Regular wellness exams allow the veterinarian to evaluate a pet's general health and become aware of any health problems before they become serious illnesses. By visiting a veterinarian at least once a year, a pet has the best chance for a long, happy, and healthy life. ...

Platelet Rich Plasma Therapy

During the past decade, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy has emerged as an effective treatment for equine tendon, ligament and even bone injuries. Used in humans prior to its use in horses, PRP delivers concentrated platelets and growth factors to the site of injury, accelerating the healing process and regenerating tissue. Research involving injured racehorses has shown that orthopedic injuries respond very positively to PRP therapy. Not only is there an acceleration of bone and wound healing, but there is evidence of increased formation of blood vessels, connective tissue and skin. ...

Rabbit Basics

Rabbits can make wonderful pets, but it is important to understand some basic rabbit characteristics before adopting one. Although usually timid in new surroundings, rabbits can quickly acclimate to living with people, becoming friendly and affectionate. They are easily trained to use a litter box and most often get along well with other domesticated pets in the household. Because rabbits are neither diurnal or nocturnal, but crepuscular, (most active in early morning and early evening), their natural schedule fits easily in with human comings and goings. Like all pets, rabbits require an initial examination by a veterinarian when adopted and annual checkups thereafter. ...

Reptile Health Exam

Reptiles, like all pets, require a regular examination, usually annually or semi-annually, by a veterinarian who specializes in such creatures. For many species, short-term anesthesia may be necessary, either because the animal may bite the veterinarian or because, in the case of turtles and tortoises, the animal may withdraw into its shell, making examination impossible. It is also possible that the vet will choose to anesthetize the reptile to reduce possible stress since stress is a major contributing factor to premature mortality in captive reptiles. ...

Equine Rotavirus

Equine rotavirus is the primary cause of viral diarrhea in foals, particularly those under 2 months of age. The younger the animal, the more likely the symptoms are to be severe. Equine rotavirus rarely infects mature horses. The illness results in loss of appetite, depression, and copious, watery, malodorous bowel movements. In most cases, the diarrhea lasts from 4 to 7 days, but occasionally it persists for weeks. Infecting the villi (small hairs) of the small intestine, the virus can result in dehydration and malabsorption if not treated promptly. As many as 50 percent of foals contract rotavirus, but, with appropriate veterinary intervention, mortality is kept below 1 percent. ...

Senior Pet Care

Older cats and dogs may have somewhat different care needs than they had when they were young. As with humans, although a comfortable and long life can never be guaranteed, certain measures of senior care can be helpful in maintaining health and longevity. While life spans vary, cats are generally considered to be seniors when they reach 8 to 10 years of age. Because dogs' life expectancies cover a wide range depending on breed, dogs are usually considered seniors when they are within 25 percent of the life expectancy for their size or breed. ...

Service Dogs

Service dogs are dogs that have been specially trained to assist owners with various disabilities. Although dogs have functioned as aides to the blind for many centuries, it is only in recent years that dogs have been trained to help the deaf or hearing-impaired, diabetics, individuals with mobility issues,and patients with epilepsy, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and autism. ...

Spaying and Neutering

Spaying and neutering are surgical procedures performed to prevent animals from reproducing. While "neuter" actually means "neither sex" and can theoretically be used to refer to an operation on either gender, in common usage neuter refers to the removal of the male's testicles and spay refers to the removal of the female's uterus, ovaries and fallopian tubes. In horses, the operation on males is known as gelding. For most pet owners, with the exception of professional breeders, spaying or neutering is a wise choice. The simple, safe surgical procedures are not only socially responsible, but beneficial to the animals' health. They will also help to curb certain troublesome behavior patterns. ...

Splenectomy

A splenectomy is the surgical removal of the spleen, often performed to treat tumors, infection or trauma. In cats and dogs the spleen may be surgically removed to treat tumors of the spleen, or because the spleen has been damaged due to injury. In some cases, a splenectomy may be performed because of splenic torsion, which involves the twisting of the blood vessels that carry blood to the spleen. ...

Tendonectomy

A tendonectomy is a surgical alternative to the declawing (onychectomy) of cats. Instead of removing the claws, a tendonectomy removes part of the flexor tendons that are used to control them, preventing the cat from being able to extend its claws.

Because the claws are not removed, they continue to grow, and need to be clipped on a regular basis; if not, they can grow into the pads on the bottom of the cat's feet. A cat that has had a tendonectomy should not be allowed outdoors. ...

Thyroidectomy

Thyroidectomy is the surgical removal of part or all of the thyroid lobes. Overactive thyroid hormone production, known as hyperthyroidism, is a common condition in older cats that causes an increase in metabolic function throughout the body. An overactive thyroid is often caused by an adenoma, which causes the thyroid gland to enlarge. If left untreated, this condition can lead to kidney problems or extreme stress on vital organs. ...

Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy

The cruciate ligaments are ligaments that cross, or cruciate, the knee, joining the femur and the tibia, and are prone to injury. Such damage is common in dogs, but rarely occurs in cats. The knee is a complex and relatively unstable joint. The cruciate ligaments, both anterior and posterior, help to maintain the knee's stability during a wide range of motion, letting it work as a hinge, but restricting its side to side movement. When these ligaments are torn or ruptured, the animal becomes unstable and possibly lame, and eventually arthritis sets in. Usually, the injury, although it may appear to occur suddenly, has been coming on for some time. Breeds commonly affected include labrador retrievers, rottweilers, akitas, border collies, huskies, german shepherds, and mastiffs. ...

Traveling With Your Pet

For many individuals or families, a vacation trip is enhanced by the inclusion of the family dog or cat in travel plans. There are also times when it is inconvenient, or even impossible, to leave the pet behind. With some preplanning, taking your cat or dog along on a trip can be a comfortable and pleasurable experience. ...

Turtle Basics

Although turtles have a reputation for being low maintenance pets, this is not actually the case. For their own well-being and for the health of the humans around them, turtles require careful tending. Any potential turtle owner should be aware that the Humane Society recommends against adopting turtles as pets, particularly in households with children, primarily because of the risk of Salmonella. Still, under the right conditions, with informed and dedicated owners, turtles can be enjoyable and interesting pets. ...

Vaccinations for Dogs and Cats

A vaccination, also known as an immunization, is a medication which stimulates an immune response to provide protection against a particular disease, or group of diseases. Vaccinations are commonly given to pets to protect them from specific diseases. Unless properly vaccinated, a pet may be at risk of contracting one of several, possibly fatal, infectious diseases. Vaccines are typically given to pets for the most serious and common of these diseases, and are usually extremely effective in fighting disease. ...

Veterinary Laser Treatments

Laser treatments can be effective in healing animals as well as humans. Approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration, laser therapy is designed to repair and regenerate deep tissue in order to relieve both acute and chronic pain. The K-laser system works by improving circulation, thereby enabling nutrients, oxygen and water to reach the affected area more quickly. Laser treatments are based on the belief that light is absorbed into the cell, a process known as photo-biotherapy. By stimulating metabolism in the cells, laser therapy improves health and well-being on a cellular level. ...