Dietary Supplements for Dogs
There is some controversy surrounding the need for dogs to take supplemental vitamins. While studies show that as many as a third of pet owners administer vitamins to their cats and dogs, most veterinarians seem to believe that when pets are fed a balanced diet of nutritional pet food, vitamin supplementation is unnecessary. In fact, many vets and the FDA advise that giving healthy animals supplements they do not require may be harmful. In particular cases, however, veterinarians prescribe supplements for dogs at certain life stages or with particular underlying conditions or illnesses.
Most dogs who eat commercial dog food receive a nutritionally balanced diet that includes all necessary vitamins and minerals. On the other hand, dogs that are fed a homemade diet may need supplements. It's important that the veterinarian be consulted before dietary supplementation, since the doctor is in a much better position to assess which elements may be missing from the dog's diet. In several situations where dogs have underlying conditions that result in dietary deficiencies, supplements may be prescribed.
Types of Dietary Supplements for Dogs
A number of dietary supplements may be recommended for dogs with underlying conditions. These may include:
- Glucosamine-chondroitin for osteoarthritis
- Fatty acids to help maintain healthy coats
- Fish oil supplements to reduce inflammation
- Antioxidants (e.g. vitamins C and E) to reduce inflammation
- Antioxidants to help aging dogs with cognitive problems
- Milk thistle to aid dogs with liver disease
A veterinarian should always be consulted before administering any dietary supplements since some may be dangerous or contraindicated by other medications.
Risks of Dietary Supplements for Dogs
Assuming that a dog is already ingesting a completely balanced diet, certain vitamins and mineral supplements can be harmful if given in excess. Examples of supplements that can be harmful if given in excess include:
- Calcium
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin D
An excess of calcium can result in skeletal problems, particularly in large-breed puppies. Too much vitamin A can be harmful to blood vessels and cause joint pain and dehydration. Vitamin D, given in excess, can produce loss of appetite, damage bones and result in muscle atrophy.