Feline Panleukopenia Virus

The feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) is life-threatening and highly contagious. Caused by the feline parvovirus, it infects and kills cells in the gastrointestinal tract and blood marrow. Although once the leading cause of death in cats, FPV is now rare because vaccinations to prevent it are available.

Causes of Feline Panleukopenia Virus

The feline panleukopenia virus exists everywhere in the environment, which means all cats are eventually exposed to it. FPV is primarily spread through an infected cat's bodily fluids and feces, and, if it has them, fleas. Contact with a cat's bedding and food dishes can also cause the virus to spread, as can contact with the hands, shoes and clothing of anyone who has handled an infected cat. Humans cannot catch FPV.

Symptoms of Feline Panleukopenia Virus

FPV primarily affects the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in symptoms that include:

  • Diarrhea/bloody diarrhea
  • Vomiting
  • Dehydration
  • Weight loss
  • High fever
  • Anemia
  • No interest in food

It can also cause a cat to become depressed.

Diagnosis of Feline Panleukopenia Virus

A diagnosis of feline panleukopenia is usually made based on the results of a clinical examination by the veterinarian, and after a fecal exam and blood culture have been performed to rule out other diseases.

Treatment of Feline Panleukopenia Virus

A cat with FPV requires immediate veterinary care, and should be separated from other cats. Treatment may include:

  • Whole blood transfusions
  • Intravenous fluids
  • Injections of vitamins A, B and C
  • Antibiotics delivered intravenously

Cats that survive feline panleukopenia have a lifelong immunity to the virus.

Prevention of Feline Panleukopenia Virus

To prevent infection, FPV vaccines must be given to a cat prior to its being exposed to and contracting the virus. A kitten is usually vaccinated when it is between 6 and 8 weeks old, with follow-up vaccines given every 3 to 4 weeks until 16 weeks of age. Vaccinating an adult cat depends on its health, and how prevalent FPV infection is in its environment.

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